Definition: plough
Source: WordNet (r) 1.7
Plough
n 1: a group of seven bright stars in the constellation Ursa
Major [syn: Big Dipper, Dipper, Plough, Charles's
Wain, Wain, Wagon]
2: a farm tool having one or more heavy blades to break the
soil and cut a furrow prior to sowing [syn: plow]
v 1: move in a way resembling that of a plow cutting into or
going through the soil; "The ship plowed through the
water" [syn: plow]
2: to break and turn over earth esp. with a plow; "Farmer Jones
plowed his east field last week"; "turn the earth in the
Spring" [syn: plow, turn]
Source: Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)
Steam \Steam\, n. [OE. stem, steem, vapor, flame, AS. ste['a]m
vapor, smoke, odor; akin to D. stoom steam, perhaps
originally, a pillar, or something rising like a pillar; cf.
Gr. ? to erect, ? a pillar, and E. stand.]
1. The elastic, a["e]riform fluid into which water is
converted when heated to the boiling points; water in the
state of vapor.
2. The mist formed by condensed vapor; visible vapor; -- so
called in popular usage.
3. Any exhalation. ``A steam og rich, distilled perfumes.''
--Milton.
Dry steam, steam which does not contain water held in
suspension mechanically; -- sometimes applied to
superheated steam.
Exhaust steam. See under Exhaust.
High steam, or High-pressure steam, steam of which the
pressure greatly exceeds that of the atmosphere.
Low steam, or Low-pressure steam, steam of which the
pressure is less than, equal to, or not greatly above,
that of the atmosphere.
Saturated steam, steam at the temperature of the boiling
point which corresponds to its pressure; -- sometimes also
applied to wet steam.
Superheated steam, steam heated to a temperature higher
than the boiling point corresponding to its pressure. It
can not exist in contact with water, nor contain water,
and resembles a perfect gas; -- called also surcharged
steam, anhydrous steam, and steam gas.
Wet steam, steam which contains water held in suspension
mechanically; -- called also misty steam.
Note: Steam is often used adjectively, and in combination, to
denote, produced by heat, or operated by power, derived
from steam, in distinction from other sources of power;
as in steam boiler or steam-boiler, steam dredger or
steam-dredger, steam engine or steam-engine, steam
heat, steam plow or steam-plow, etc.
Steam blower.
(a) A blower for producing a draught consisting of a jet
or jets of steam in a chimney or under a fire.
(b) A fan blower driven directly by a steam engine.
Steam boiler, a boiler for producing steam. See Boiler,
3, and Note. In the illustration, the shell a of the
boiler is partly in section, showing the tubes, or flues,
which the hot gases, from the fire beneath the boiler,
enter, after traversing the outside of the shell, and
through which the gases are led to the smoke pipe d, which
delivers them to the chimney; b is the manhole; c the
dome; e the steam pipe; f the feed and blow-off pipe; g
the safety value; hthe water gauge.
Steam car, a car driven by steam power, or drawn by a
locomotive.
Steam carriage, a carriage upon wheels moved on common
roads by steam.
Steam casing. See Steam jacket, under Jacket.
Steam chest, the box or chamber from which steam is
distributed to the cylinder of a steam engine, steam pump,
etc., and which usually contains one or more values; --
called also valve chest, and valve box. See Illust. of
Slide valve, under Slide.
Steam chimney, an annular chamber around the chimney of a
boiler furnace, for drying steam.
Steam coil, a coil of pipe, or collection of connected
pipes, for containing steam; -- used for heating, drying,
etc.
Steam colors (Calico Printing), colors in which the
chemical reaction fixed the coloring matter in the fiber
is produced by steam.
Steam cylinder, the cylinder of a steam engine, which
contains the piston. See Illust. of Slide valve, under
Slide.
Steam dome (Steam Boilers), a chamber upon the top of the
boiler, from which steam is conduced to the engine. See
Illust. of Steam boiler, above.
Steam fire engine, a fire engine consisting of a steam
boiler and engine, and pump which is driven by the engine,
combined and mounted on wheels. It is usually drawn by
horses, but is sometimes made self-propelling.
Steam fitter, a fitter of steam pipes.
Steam fitting, the act or the occupation of a steam fitter;
also, a pipe fitting for steam pipes.
Steam gas. See Superheated steam, above.
Steam gauge, an instrument for indicating the pressure of
the steam in a boiler. The mercurial steam gauge is a
bent tube partially filled with mercury, one end of which
is connected with the boiler while the other is open to
the air, so that the steam by its pressure raises the
mercury in the long limb of the tume to a height
proportioned to that pressure. A more common form,
especially for high pressures, consists of a spring
pressed upon by the steam, and connected with the pointer
of a dial. The spring may be a flattened, bent tube,
closed at one end, which the entering steam tends to
straighten, or it may be a diaphragm of elastic metal, or
a mass of confined air, etc.
Steam gun, a machine or contrivance from which projectiles
may be thrown by the elastic force of steam.
Steam hammer, a hammer for forging, which is worked
directly by steam; especially, a hammer which is guided
vertically and operated by a vertical steam cylinder
located directly over an anvil. In the variety known as
Nasmyth's, the cylinder is fixed, and the hammer is
attached to the piston rod. In that known as Condie's, the
piston is fixed, and the hammer attached to the lower end
of the cylinder.
Steam heater.
(a) A radiator heated by steam.
(b) An apparatus consisting of a steam boiler, radiator,
piping, and fixures for warming a house by steam.
Steam jacket. See under Jacket.
Steam packet, a packet or vessel propelled by steam, and
running periodically between certain ports.
Steam pipe, any pipe for conveying steam; specifically, a
pipe through which steam is supplied to an engine.
Steam plow or plough, a plow, or gang of plows, moved by
a steam engine.
Steam port, an opening for steam to pass through, as from
the steam chest into the cylinder.
Steam power, the force or energy of steam applied to
produce results; power derived from a steam engine.
Steam propeller. See Propeller.
Steam pump, a small pumping engine operated by steam. It is
usually direct-acting.
Steam room (Steam Boilers), the space in the boiler above
the water level, and in the dome, which contains steam.
Steam table, a table on which are dishes heated by steam
for keeping food warm in the carving room of a hotel,
restaurant, etc.
Steam trap, a self-acting device by means of which water
that accumulates in a pipe or vessel containing steam will
be discharged without permitting steam to escape.
Steam tug, a steam vessel used in towing or propelling
ships.
Steam vessel, a vessel propelled by steam; a steamboat or
steamship; -- a steamer.
Steam whistle, an apparatus attached to a steam boiler, as
of a locomotive, through which steam is rapidly
discharged, producing a loud whistle which serves as a
warning signal. The steam issues from a narrow annular
orifice around the upper edge of the lower cup or
hemisphere, striking the thin edge of the bell above it,
and producing sound in the manner of an organ pipe or a
common whistle.
Plough \Plough\, n. & v. See Plow.
Plow \Plow\, Plough \Plough\ (plou), n. [OE. plouh, plou, AS.
pl[=o]h; akin to D. ploeg, G. pflug, OHG. pfluog, pfluoh,
Icel. pl[=o]gr, Sw. plog, Dan. ploug, plov, Russ. plug',
Lith. plugas.]
1. A well-known implement, drawn by horses, mules, oxen, or
other power, for turning up the soil to prepare it for
bearing crops; also used to furrow or break up the soil
for other purposes; as, the subsoil plow; the draining
plow.
Where fern succeeds ungrateful to the plow.
--Dryden.
2. Fig.: Agriculture; husbandry. --Johnson.
3. A carucate of land; a plowland. [Obs.] [Eng.]
Johan, mine eldest son, shall have plowes five.
--Tale of
Gamelyn.
4. A joiner's plane for making grooves; a grooving plane.
5. (Bookbinding) An implement for trimming or shaving off the
edges of books.
6. (Astron.) Same as Charles's Wain.
Ice plow, a plow used for cutting ice on rivers, ponds,
etc., into cakes suitable for storing. [U. S.]
Mackerel plow. See under Mackerel.
Plow alms, a penny formerly paid by every plowland to the
church. --Cowell.
Plow beam, that part of the frame of a plow to which the
draught is applied. See Beam, n., 9.
Plow Monday, the Monday after Twelth Day, or the end of
Christmas holidays.
Plow staff.
(a) A kind of long-handled spade or paddle for cleaning
the plowshare; a paddle staff.
(b) A plow handle.
Snow plow, a structure, usually [Lambda]-shaped, for
removing snow from sidewalks, railroads, etc., -- drawn or
driven by a horse or a locomotive.
Plow \Plow\, Plough \Plough\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plowed (ploud) or Ploughed; p. pr. & vb. n. Plowing or Ploughing.] 1. To turn up, break up, or trench, with a plow; to till with, or as with, a plow; as, to plow the ground; to plow a field. 2. To furrow; to make furrows, grooves, or ridges in; to run through, as in sailing. Let patient Octavia plow thy visage up With her prepared nails. --Shak. With speed we plow the watery way. --Pope. 3. (Bookbinding) To trim, or shave off the edges of, as a book or paper, with a plow. See Plow, n., 5. 4. (Joinery) To cut a groove in, as in a plank, or the edge of a board; especially, a rectangular groove to receive the end of a shelf or tread, the edge of a panel, a tongue, etc. To plow in, to cover by plowing; as, to plow in wheat.
Plow \Plow\, Plough \Plough\ (plou), v. i.
To labor with, or as with, a plow; to till or turn up the
soil with a plow; to prepare the soil or bed for anything.
--Shak.
Doth the plowman plow all day to sow ? --Isa. xxviii.
24.
Source: Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary
Plough first referred to in Gen. 45:6, where the Authorized Version has "earing," but the Revised Version "ploughing;" next in Ex. 34:21 and Deut. 21:4. The plough was originally drawn by oxen, but sometimes also by asses and by men. (See AGRICULTURE.)
